(Compiler Design)
(Compiler Design)
 
(27 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
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 +
{{alert| Some missing links for topics do not mean that they were never asked for GATE. I'll add their links soon after correcting the corresponding tags in [http://gateoverflow.in/tags GATE Overflow] |alert-danger}}
  
==Discrete Mathematics==
+
==Official Syllabus Links==
 +
[http://www.gate.iisc.ernet.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Computer-Science-and-Information-Technology.pdf Computer Science]
 +
 
 +
[http://gate.iitk.ac.in/GATE2015/docs/syllabi/GA.pdf General Aptitude]
 +
 
 +
==[http://www.gatecse.in/gate-subjects/ Discrete Mathematics]==
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/mathematical-logic Propositional and first order logic.]  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/mathematical-logic Propositional and first order logic.]  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/set Sets], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/relations relations], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/functions functions], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/partial-order partial orders] and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/lattice lattices]. [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/groups Groups].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/set Sets], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/relations relations], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/functions functions], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/partial-order partial orders] and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/lattice lattices]. [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/groups Groups].  
* Graphs: connectivity, matching, coloring.  
+
* Graphs: [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/graph-connectivity connectivity], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/graph-matching matching], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/graph-coloring coloring].  
 
* [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/combinatory Combinatorics:] [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/counting counting], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/recurrence recurrence relations], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/generating-functions generating functions].
 
* [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/combinatory Combinatorics:] [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/counting counting], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/recurrence recurrence relations], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/generating-functions generating functions].
  
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  '''[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/permutation Permutations]; [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/combinations Combinations]''' removed from Combinatorics but being basic and counting being there this does not really matter.  
 
  '''[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/permutation Permutations]; [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/combinations Combinations]''' removed from Combinatorics but being basic and counting being there this does not really matter.  
 
  '''asymptotics''' removed, but basics are in asymptotic analysis part of Algorithms
 
  '''asymptotics''' removed, but basics are in asymptotic analysis part of Algorithms
  '''spanning trees; Cut vertices & edges; covering;  independent sets; [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/planar-embedding Planarity]; Isomorphism''' removed. But based on other topics this just means Planarity and isomorphism are removed (spanning trees are already in algorithms)
+
  '''spanning trees; Cut vertices & edges; covering;  independent sets; [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/planar-embedding Planarity]; [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/isomorphism Isomorphism]''' removed. But based on other topics this just means Planarity and isomorphism are removed (spanning trees are already in algorithms)
  
==Linear Algebra==
+
==[http://www.gatecse.in/linear-algebra/ Linear Algebra]==
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/matrices Matrices, determinants]
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/matrices Matrices, determinants]
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/system-of-equations System of linear equations]
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/system-of-equations System of linear equations]
Line 19: Line 25:
 
  '''LU decomposition''' added here from Numerical methods which was removed as a whole otherwise.  
 
  '''LU decomposition''' added here from Numerical methods which was removed as a whole otherwise.  
  
==Calculus==
+
==[http://www.gatecse.in/calculus/ Calculus]==
* [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/limit Limits], continuity and differentiability.  
+
* [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/limit Limits], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/continuity continuity] and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/differentiability differentiability].  
* Maxima and minima. Mean value theorem.  
+
* [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/maxima-minima Maxima and minima]. Mean value theorem.  
* Integration.
+
* [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/integration Integration].
  '''Theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite & improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivatives''' is removed and '''Integration''' added. So, this would mean we can expect only simple integration questions.
+
  '''Theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite & improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivatives''' removed and '''Integration''' added. So, this would mean we can expect only simple integration questions.
  
==Probability==
+
==[http://www.gatecse.in/probability/ Probability]==
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/random-variable Random variables].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/random-variable Random variables].  
*Uniform, normal, exponential,[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/poisson-distribution poisson] and binomial distributions.  
+
*Uniform, [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/normal-distribution normal], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/exponential-distribution exponential], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/poisson-distribution poisson] and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/binomial-distribution binomial distributions].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/statistics Mean, median, mode and standard deviation].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/statistics Mean, median, mode and standard deviation].  
 
*Conditional probability and Bayes theorem.
 
*Conditional probability and Bayes theorem.
 
  '''Bayes theorem''' newly added but it was implicitly part of conditional probability
 
  '''Bayes theorem''' newly added but it was implicitly part of conditional probability
  
==Digital Logic==
+
==[http://www.gatecse.in/digital-logic/ Digital Logic]==
  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/boolean-expressions Boolean algebra].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/boolean-expressions Boolean algebra].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/circuit-output Combinational and sequential circuits.] [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/canonical-normal-form Minimization].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/circuit-output Combinational and sequential circuits.] [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/canonical-normal-form Minimization].  
*Number representations and computer arithmetic (fixed and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/floating-point-representation floating point]).
+
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/number-representation Number representations] and computer arithmetic (fixed and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/floating-point-representation floating point]).
 
  '''Boolean algebra''' added to here from set theory & algebra
 
  '''Boolean algebra''' added to here from set theory & algebra
  
==Computer Organization and Architecture==
+
==[http://www.gatecse.in/co-architecture/ Computer Organization and Architecture]==
  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/machine-instructions Machine instructions] and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/addressing-modes addressing modes].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/machine-instructions Machine instructions] and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/addressing-modes addressing modes].  
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*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/pipeline Instruction pipelining.]  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/pipeline Instruction pipelining.]  
 
* [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/cache-memory Memory hierarchy: cache, main memory and secondary storage;]
 
* [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/cache-memory Memory hierarchy: cache, main memory and secondary storage;]
* [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/io-handling I/O interface]. [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/interrupts Interrupt] and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/dma DMA mode])
+
* [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/io-handling I/O interface]. ([http://gateoverflow.in/tag/interrupts Interrupt] and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/dma DMA mode])
  '''[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/ram Memory interface]''' part is removed. So, questions on RAM would not be there.  
+
  '''[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/ram Memory interface]''' part is removed. So, questions on RAM would not be there.
  
==Programming and Data Structures==
+
==[http://www.gatecse.in/data-structures/ Programming and Data Structures]==
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/programming-in-c Programming in C.] [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/recursion Recursion].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/programming-in-c Programming in C.] [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/recursion Recursion].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/arrays Arrays], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/stack stacks], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/queues queues], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/linked-lists linked lists], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/trees trees], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/binary-tree binary search trees], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/heap binary heaps], graphs.
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/arrays Arrays], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/stack stacks], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/queues queues], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/linked-lists linked lists], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/trees trees], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/binary-tree binary search trees], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/heap binary heaps], graphs.
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  '''Graphs''' added here.
 
  '''Graphs''' added here.
  
==Algorithms==
+
==[http://www.gatecse.in/algorithms/ Algorithms]==
*Searching, [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/sorting sorting], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/hashing hashing].  
+
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/binary-search Searching], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/sorting sorting], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/hashing hashing].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/time-complexity Asymptotic worst case time] and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/space-complexity space complexity.]
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/time-complexity Asymptotic worst case time] and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/space-complexity space complexity.]
*Algorithm design techniques: greedy, [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/dynamic-programming dynamic programming] and divide‐and‐conquer.
+
*Algorithm design techniques: [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/greedy-algorithm greedy], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/dynamic-programming dynamic programming] and divide‐and‐conquer.
*Graph search, [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/spanning-tree minimum spanning trees], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/shortest-path shortest paths].
+
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/graph-search Graph search], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/spanning-tree minimum spanning trees], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/shortest-path shortest paths].
 
  '''Space and time complexity''' restricted to only worst case.  
 
  '''Space and time complexity''' restricted to only worst case.  
  '''[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/connected-components Connected components]''' removed
+
  '''[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/connected-components Connected components]''' removed here, but they are in Graph theory anyway
  '''Tree and graph traversals''' removed. But these are implied in Data Structure portion.
+
  '''Tree and graph traversals''' removed. But these are implied in Data Structure portion and other algorithm portions.
  '''Basic concepts of complexity classes – P, NP, NP-hard, NP-complete. ''' removed. So, these definitions need not be studied but reduction is there in Theory of Computation anyway.  
+
  '''Basic concepts of complexity classes – [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/p-np-npc-nph P, NP, NP-hard, NP-complete]. ''' removed. So, these definitions need not be studied but reduction is there in Theory of Computation anyway.
 
 
  
==Theory of Computation==
+
==[http://www.gatecse.in/theory-of-computation/ Theory of Computation]==
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/regular-expressions Regular expressions] and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/finite-automata finite automata].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/regular-expressions Regular expressions] and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/finite-automata finite automata].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/grammar Context-free grammars] and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/pda push-down automata].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/grammar Context-free grammars] and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/pda push-down automata].  
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  '''Recursively enumerable sets''' removed but Turing machines are there. So, this should not really matter.
 
  '''Recursively enumerable sets''' removed but Turing machines are there. So, this should not really matter.
  
==Compiler Design==
+
==[http://www.gatecse.in/compiler-design/ Compiler Design]==
*Lexical analysis, [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/parsing parsing], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/syntax-directed-translation syntax-directed translation].  
+
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/lexical-analysis Lexical analysis], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/parsing parsing], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/syntax-directed-translation syntax-directed translation].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/runtime-environments Runtime environments].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/runtime-environments Runtime environments].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/intermediate-code Intermediate code generation].
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/intermediate-code Intermediate code generation].
  '''[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/code-generation target code generation], Basics of code optimization.''' removed. This is quite a good removal for students. Questions like register allocation, DAG etc. would not be there
+
  '''[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/code-generation target code generation], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/optimization Basics of code optimization].''' removed. This is quite a good removal for students. Questions like register allocation, optimizations like code motion etc. would not be there
  
==Operating System==
+
==[http://www.gatecse.in/operating-systems/ Operating System]==
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/fork Processes], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/threads threads], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/semaphore inter‐process communication], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/process-synchronization concurrency and synchronization.]
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/fork Processes], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/threads threads], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/semaphore inter‐process communication], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/process-synchronization concurrency and synchronization.]
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/resource-allocation Deadlock.]
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/resource-allocation Deadlock.]
Line 87: Line 92:
 
  '''I/O systems, Protection and security''' removed. Rarely questions like size of graphic card required etc have been asked.  
 
  '''I/O systems, Protection and security''' removed. Rarely questions like size of graphic card required etc have been asked.  
  
==Databases==
+
==[http://www.gatecse.in/databases/ Databases]==
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/er-model ER‐model]. Relational model:[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/relational-algebra relational algebra],[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/relational-calculus tuple calculus],[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/sql SQL].  
+
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/er-model ER‐model]. Relational model:[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/relational-algebra relational algebra], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/relational-calculus tuple calculus],[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/sql SQL].  
*Integrity constraints,
+
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/referential-integrity Integrity constraints],
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/database-normalization normal forms.]
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/database-normalization normal forms.]
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/indexing File organization], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/b-tree indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees)].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/indexing File organization], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/b-tree indexing (e.g., B and B+ trees)].  
Line 95: Line 100:
 
  No change
 
  No change
  
 
+
==[http://www.gatecse.in/computer-networks/ Computer Networks]==
==Computer Networks==
+
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/network-layering Concept of layering]. [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/lan-technologies LAN technologies (Ethernet)].  
*Concept of layering. LAN technologies (Ethernet).  
+
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/sliding-window Flow] and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/error-detection error control] techniques,
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/sliding-window Flow and error control techniques],
+
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/network-switching switching].  
*switching.  
 
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/ip-packet IPv4]/IPv6,  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/ip-packet IPv4]/IPv6,  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/routing routers and routing algorithms (distance vector, link state)].  
 
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/routing routers and routing algorithms (distance vector, link state)].  
*TCP/UDP and sockets, congestion control.  
+
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/tcp TCP]/[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/udp UDP] and [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/sockets sockets], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/congestion-control congestion control].  
*Application layer protocols (DNS, SMTP, POP, FTP, HTTP).
+
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/application-layer-protocols Application layer protocols (DNS, SMTP, POP, FTP, HTTP)].
 
*Basics of Wi-Fi.  
 
*Basics of Wi-Fi.  
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/network-security Network security: authentication, basics of public key and private key cryptography, digital signatures and certificates, firewalls].  
+
*[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/network-security Network security: authentication, basics of public key and private key cryptography, digital signatures and certificates], [http://gateoverflow.in/tag/firewall firewalls].  
 
  '''IPv6''' added
 
  '''IPv6''' added
  '''icmp''' removed
+
  '''[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/token-ring Token Ring]''' removed
  '''Basics of Wi-Fi''' added  
+
  '''Basics of Wi-Fi''' added
 +
'''[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/routers-bridge-hubs-switches Basic concepts of hubs, switches, gateways, and routers]''' removed
 +
'''[http://gateoverflow.in/tag/subnettting Subnetting]''' is an important part under IP.
 +
 
 +
==General Aptitude==
 +
*No change in [http://www.gatecse.in/numerical-ability/ Numerical Ability] as well as [http://www.gatecse.in/verbal-ability/ Verbal Ability].
  
 
==Removals==
 
==Removals==
Line 119: Line 128:
 
'''Numerical Methods:''' LU decomposition for systems of linear equations; numerical solutions of non-linear algebraic equations by Secant, Bisection and Newton-Raphson Methods; Numerical integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules.  
 
'''Numerical Methods:''' LU decomposition for systems of linear equations; numerical solutions of non-linear algebraic equations by Secant, Bisection and Newton-Raphson Methods; Numerical integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules.  
  
 
+
{{Template:FBD}}
 
[[Category:GATE]]
 
[[Category:GATE]]

Latest revision as of 15:40, 29 November 2015

Heads Up! Some missing links for topics do not mean that they were never asked for GATE. I'll add their links soon after correcting the corresponding tags in GATE Overflow

Official Syllabus Links

Computer Science

General Aptitude

Discrete Mathematics

Boolean Algebra moved to Digital Logic. 
Permutations; Combinations removed from Combinatorics but being basic and counting being there this does not really matter. 
asymptotics removed, but basics are in asymptotic analysis part of Algorithms
spanning trees; Cut vertices & edges; covering;  independent sets; Planarity; Isomorphism removed. But based on other topics this just means Planarity and isomorphism are removed (spanning trees are already in algorithms)

Linear Algebra

LU decomposition added here from Numerical methods which was removed as a whole otherwise. 

Calculus

Theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite & improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivatives removed and Integration added. So, this would mean we can expect only simple integration questions.

Probability

Bayes theorem newly added but it was implicitly part of conditional probability

Digital Logic

Boolean algebra added to here from set theory & algebra

Computer Organization and Architecture

Memory interface part is removed. So, questions on RAM would not be there.

Programming and Data Structures

Functions, Parameter passing, Scope, Binding; Abstract data types removed. So, questions like pass by reference, static-dynamic scopes, etc would not be there. 
Graphs added here.

Algorithms

Space and time complexity restricted to only worst case. 
Connected components removed here, but they are in Graph theory anyway
Tree and graph traversals removed. But these are implied in Data Structure portion and other algorithm portions.
Basic concepts of complexity classes – P, NP, NP-hard, NP-complete.  removed. So, these definitions need not be studied but reduction is there in Theory of Computation anyway.

Theory of Computation

pumping lemma newly added. So, questions based on pumping length or some examples can be asked. 
Recursively enumerable sets removed but Turing machines are there. So, this should not really matter.

Compiler Design

target code generation, Basics of code optimization. removed. This is quite a good removal for students. Questions like register allocation, optimizations like code motion  etc. would not be there

Operating System

I/O systems, Protection and security removed. Rarely questions like size of graphic card required etc have been asked. 

Databases

No change

Computer Networks

IPv6 added
Token Ring removed
Basics of Wi-Fi added
Basic concepts of hubs, switches, gateways, and routers removed
Subnetting is an important part under IP.

General Aptitude

Removals

Except LU decomposition, all portions of Web Technologies, IS & Software Engineering and Numerical Methods are removed. 

Web technologies: HTML, XML, basic concepts of client-server computing.

Information Systems and Software Engineering: information gathering, requirement and feasibility analysis, data flow diagrams, process specifications, input/output design, process life cycle, planning and managing the project, design, coding, testing, implementation, maintenance

Numerical Methods: LU decomposition for systems of linear equations; numerical solutions of non-linear algebraic equations by Secant, Bisection and Newton-Raphson Methods; Numerical integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules.




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Discrete Mathematics[edit]

Boolean Algebra moved to Digital Logic. 
Permutations; Combinations removed from Combinatorics but being basic and counting being there this does not really matter. 
asymptotics removed, but basics are in asymptotic analysis part of Algorithms
spanning trees; Cut vertices & edges; covering;  independent sets; Planarity; Isomorphism removed. But based on other topics this just means Planarity and isomorphism are removed (spanning trees are already in algorithms)

Linear Algebra[edit]

LU decomposition added here from Numerical methods which was removed as a whole otherwise. 

Calculus[edit]

Theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite & improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivatives is removed and Integration added. So, this would mean we can expect only simple integration questions.

Probability[edit]

Bayes theorem newly added but it was implicitly part of conditional probability

Digital Logic[edit]

Boolean algebra added to here from set theory & algebra

Computer Organization and Architecture[edit]

Memory interface part is removed. So, questions on RAM would not be there. 

Programming and Data Structures[edit]

Functions, Parameter passing, Scope, Binding; Abstract data types removed. So, questions like pass by reference, static-dynamic scopes, etc would not be there. 
Graphs added here.

Algorithms[edit]

Space and time complexity restricted to only worst case. 
Connected components removed
Tree and graph traversals removed. But these are implied in Data Structure portion.
Basic concepts of complexity classes – P, NP, NP-hard, NP-complete.  removed. So, these definitions need not be studied but reduction is there in Theory of Computation anyway. 


Theory of Computation[edit]

pumping lemma newly added. So, questions based on pumping length or some examples can be asked. 
Recursively enumerable sets removed but Turing machines are there. So, this should not really matter.

Compiler Design[edit]

target code generation, Basics of code optimization. removed. This is quite a good removal for students. Questions like register allocation, DAG  etc. would not be there

Operating System[edit]

I/O systems, Protection and security removed. Rarely questions like size of graphic card required etc have been asked. 

Databases[edit]

No change


Computer Networks[edit]

IPv6 added
icmp removed
Basics of Wi-Fi added 

Removals[edit]

Except LU decomposition, all portions of Web Technologies, IS & Software Engineering and Numerical Methods are removed. 

Web technologies: HTML, XML, basic concepts of client-server computing.

Information Systems and Software Engineering: information gathering, requirement and feasibility analysis, data flow diagrams, process specifications, input/output design, process life cycle, planning and managing the project, design, coding, testing, implementation, maintenance

Numerical Methods: LU decomposition for systems of linear equations; numerical solutions of non-linear algebraic equations by Secant, Bisection and Newton-Raphson Methods; Numerical integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules.