Syllabus of UGC NET 2020 (Computer Science and Applications)

Linear Programming – Mathematical Model, Graphical Solution, Simplex and Dual Simplex Method, Sensitive Analysis
Integer Programming
Transportation and Assignment Models
PERT-CPM: Diagram Representation
Critical Path Calculations
Resource Levelling
Cost Consideration in Project Scheduling

Unit-2 : Computer System Architecture

2.1 Digital Logic Circuits and Components

Digital Computers
Logic Gates
Boolean Algebra
Map Simplifications
Combinational Circuits
Flip-Flops
Sequential Circuits
Integrated Circuits
Decoders
Multiplexers
Registers and Counters
Memory Unit

2.2 Data Representation

Data Types
Number Systems and Conversion
Complements
Fixed Point Representation, Floating Point Representation
Error Detection Codes
Computer Arithmetic – Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division Algorithms

2.3 Register Transfer and Microoperations

Register Transfer Language
Bus and Memory Transfers
Arithmetic, Logic and Shift Micro-operations

2.4 Basic Computer Organization and Design

Stored Program Organization and Instruction Codes
Computer Registers
Computer Instructions
Timing and Control
Instruction Cycle
Memory-Reference Instructions
Input-Output
Interrupt

2.5 Programming the Basic Computer

Machine Language, Assembly Language
Assembler
Program Loops
Subroutines
Input-Output Programming

2.6 Microprogrammed Control

Control Memory
Address Sequencing
Design of Control Unit

2.7 Central Processing Unit

General Register Organization
Stack Organization
Instruction Formats
Addressing Modes
RISC Computer
CISC Computer

2.8 Pipeline and Vector Processing

Parallel Processing
Pipelining
Arithmetic Pipeline
Instruction Pipeline
Vector Processing Array Processors

2.9 Input-Output Organization

Peripheral Devices
Input-Output Interface
Asynchronous Data Transfer
Modes of Transfer
Priority Interrupt
DMA
Serial Communication

2.10 Memory Hierarchy

Main Memory, Auxiliary Memory, Associative Memory, Cache Memory, Virtual Memory
Memory Management Hardware

2.11 Multiprocessors

Characteristics of Multiprocessors
Interconnection Structures
Inter-processor Arbitration
Interprocessor Communication and Synchronization
Cache Coherence
Multi-core Processors

Unit-3 : Programming Languages and Computer Graphics

3.1 Language Design and Translation Issues

Programming Language Concepts
Paradigms and Models
Programming Environments
Virtual Computers and Binding Times
Programming Language Syntax
Stages in Translation
Formal Transition Models

3.2 Elementary Data Types

Properties of Types and Objects
Scalar and Composite Data Types

3.3 Programming in C

Tokens
Identifiers
Data Types
Sequence Control
Subprogram Control
Arrays
Structures
Union
String
Pointers
Functions
File Handling
Command Line Arguments
Pre-processors

3.4 Object Oriented Programming

Class
Object
Instantiation
Inheritance
Encapsulation
Abstract Class
Polymorphism

3.5 Programming in C++

Tokens, Identifiers, Variables and Constants
Data types, Operators, Control statements, Functions Parameter Passing, Virtual Functions, Class and Objects
Constructors and Destructors
Overloading, Inheritance, Templates, Exception and Event Handling
Streams and Files
Multifile Programs

3.6 Web Programming

HTML
DHTML
XML
Scripting
Java
Servlets
Applets

3.7 Computer Graphics

Video-Display Devices
Raster-Scan and Random-Scan Systems
Graphics Monitors, Input Devices, Points and Lines
Line Drawing Algorithms, Mid-Point Circle and Ellipse Algorithms
Scan Line Polygon Fill Algorithm
Boundary-Fill and Flood-Fill

3.8 2-D Geometrical Transforms and Viewing

Translation, Scaling, Rotation, Reflection and Shear Transformations
Matrix Representations and Homogeneous Coordinates
Composite Transforms
Transformations Between Coordinate Systems
Viewing Pipeline
Viewing Coordinate Reference Frame
Window to View-Port Coordinate Transformation
Viewing Functions
Line and Polygon Clipping Algorithms

3.9 3-D Object Representation, Geometric Transformations and Viewing

Polygon Surfaces, Quadric Surfaces, Spline Representation, Bezier and B-Spline Curves
Bezier and B-Spline Surfaces
Illumination Models, Polygon Rendering Methods, Viewing Pipeline and Coordinates
General Projection Transforms and Cipping

Unit-4 : Database Management Systems

4.1 Database System Concepts and Architecture

Data Models, Schemas, and Instances
Three-Schema Architecture and Data Independence
Database Languages and Interfaces
Centralized and Client/Server Architectures for DBMS

4.2 Data Modeling

Entity-Relationship Diagram
Relational Model – Constraints, Languages, Design, and Programming
Relational Database Schemas, Update Operations and Dealing with Constraint Violations
Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus
Codd Rules

4.3 SQL

Data Definition and Data Types
Constraints, Queries, Insert, Delete, and Update Statements
Views, Stored Procedures and Functions
Database Triggers
SQL Injection

4.4 Normalization for Relational Databases

Functional Dependencies and Normalization
Algorithms for Query Processing and Optimization
Transaction Processing, Concurrency Control Techniques, Database Recovery Techniques, Object and Object-Relational Databases
Database Security and Authorization

4.5 Enhanced Data Models

Temporal Database Concepts
Multimedia Databases, Deductive Databases, XML and Internet Databases Mobile Databases
Geographic Information Systems
Genome Data Management
Distributed Databases and Client-Server Architectures

4.6 Data Warehousing and Data Mining

Data Modeling for Data Warehouses
Concept Hierarchy, OLAP and OLTP
Association Rules
Classification
Clustering
Regression
Support Vector Machine
K-Nearest Neighbour
Hidden Markov Model
Summarization
Dependency Modeling
Link Analysis, Sequencing Analysis, Social Network Analysis

4.7 Big Data Systems

Big Data Characteristics
Types of Big Data
Big Data Architecture
Introduction to Map-Reduce and Hadoop
Distributed File System
HDFS

4.8 NOSQL

NOSQL and Query Optimization
Different NOSQL Products
Querying and Managing NOSQL
Indexing and Ordering Data Sets
NOSQL in Cloud

Unit-5 : System Software and Operating System

5.1 System Software

Machine, Assembly and High-Level Languages
Compilers and Interpreters
Loading, Linking and Relocation
Macros, Debuggers

5.2 Basics of Operating Systems

Operating System Structure, Operations and Services
System Calls, Operating-System Design and Implementation
System Boot

5.3 Process Management

Process Scheduling and Operations
Interprocess Communication
Communication in Client–Server Systems
Process Synchronization
Critical-Section Problem
Peterson’s Solution
Semaphores
Synchronization

5.4 Threads

Multicore Programming
Multithreading Models
Thread Libraries
Implicit Threading
Threading Issues

5.5 CPU Scheduling

Scheduling Criteria and Algorithms
Thread Scheduling, Multiple-Processor Scheduling, Real-Time CPU Scheduling

5.6 Deadlocks

Deadlock Characterization
Methods for Handling Deadlocks
Deadlock Prevention, Avoidance and Detection
Recovery from Deadlock

5.7 Memory Management

Contiguous Memory Allocation
Swapping
Paging
Segmentation
Demand Paging
Page Replacement
Allocation of Frames
Thrashing
Memory-Mapped Files

5.8 Storage Management

Mass-Storage Structure
Disk Structure, Scheduling and Management
RAID Structure

5.9 File and Input/Output Systems

Access Methods, Directory and Disk Structure
File-System Mounting, File Sharing, File-System Structure and Implementation
Directory Implementation
Allocation Methods
Free-Space Management
Efficiency and Performance
Recovery
I/O Hardware
Application I/O Interface
Kernel I/O Subsystem
Transforming I/O Requests to Hardware Operations

5.10 Security

Protection
Access Matrix, Access Control, Revocation of Access Rights
Program Threats, System and Network Threats
Cryptography as a Security Tool
User Authentication
Implementing Security Defenses

5.11 Virtual Machines

Types of Virtual Machines and Implementations
Virtualization

5.12 Linux Operating Systems

Design Principles
Kernel Modules
Process Management
Scheduling
Memory Management
File Systems
Input and Output
Interprocess Communication
Network Structure

5.13 Windows Operating Systems

Design Principles
System Components
Terminal Services and Fast User Switching
File System
Networking

5.14 Distributed Systems

Types of Network based Operating Systems
Network Structure, Communication Structure and Protocols
Robustness, Design Issues
Distributed File Systems

Unit-6 : Software Engineering

6.1 Software Process Models

Software Process
Generic Process Model – Framework Activity
Task Set and Process Patterns
Process Lifecycle
Prescriptive Process Models
Project Management
Component Based Development
Aspect-Oriented Software Development
Formal Methods
Agile Process Models – Extreme Programming (XP)
Adaptive Software Development
Scrum
Dynamic System Development Model
Feature Driven Development
Crystal
Web Engineering

6.2 Software Requirement

Functional and Non-Functional Requirements
Eliciting Requirement
Developing Use Cases
Requirement Analysis and Modelling
Requirements Review
Software Requirement and Specification (SRS) Document

6.3 Software Design

Abstraction
Architecture
Patterns
Separation of Concerns
Modularity
Information Hiding
Functional Independence
Cohesion and Coupling
Object-Oriented Design, Data Design, Architectural Design, User Interface Design, Component Level Design

6.4 Software Quality

McCall’s Quality Factors
ISO 9126 Quality Factors
Quality Control, Quality Assurance
Risk Management, Risk Mitigation
Monitoring and Management (RMMM)
Software Reliability

6.5 Estimation and Scheduling of Software Projects

Software Sizing
LOC and FP based Estimations
Estimating Cost and Effort
Estimation Models
Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO)
Project Scheduling and Staffing
Time-line Charts

6.6 Software Testing

Verification and Validation
Error, Fault, Bug and Failure
Unit and Integration Tesing
White-box and Black-box Testing
Basis Path Testing
Control Structure Testing
Deriving Test Cases
Alpha and Beta Testing
Regression Testing Performance Testing
Stress Testing

6.7 Software Configuration Management

Change Control and Version Control
Software Reuse
Software Re-engineering
Reverse Engineering

Unit-7 : Data Structures and Algorithms

7.1 Data Structures

Arrays and their Applications
Sparse Matrix
Stacks
Queues
Priority Queues
Linked Lists
Trees
Forest
Binary Tree
Threaded Binary Tree
Binary Search Tree
AVL Tree
B Tree
B+ Tree
B* Tree
Data Structure for Sets
Graphs
Sorting and Searching Algorithms
Hashing

7.2 Performance Analysis of Algorithms and Recurrences

Time and Space Complexities
Asymptotic Notation
Recurrence Relations

7.3 Design Techniques

Divide and Conquer
Dynamic Programming
Greedy Algorithms
Backtracking
Branch and Bound

7.4 Lower Bound Theory

Comparison Trees
Lower Bounds through Reductions

7.5 Graph Algorithms

Breadth-First Search
Depth-First Search
Shortest Paths
Maximum Flow
Minimum Spanning Trees

7.6 Complexity Theory

P and NP Class Problems
NP-completeness and Reducibility

7.7 Selected Topics

Number Theoretic Algorithms
Polynomial Arithmetic
Fast Fourier Transform
String Matching Algorithms

7.8 Advanced Algorithms

Parallel Algorithms for Sorting
Searching and Merging
Approximation Algorithms
Randomized Algorithms

Unit-8 : Theory of Computation and Compilers

8.1 Theory of Computation

Formal Language
Non-Computational Problems
Diagonal Argument
Russels’s Paradox

8.2 Regular Language Models

Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA)
Non-Deterministic Finite Automaton (NDFA)
Equivalence of DFA and NDFA
Regular Language
Regular Grammars
Regular Expressions, Properties of Regular Language
Pumping Lemma
Non-Regular Languages
Lexical Analysis

8.3 Context Free Language

Pushdown Automaton (PDA)
Non-Deterministic Pushdown Automaton (NPDA)
Context Free Grammar
Chomsky Normal Form
Greibach Normal Form
Ambiguity
Parse Tree Representation of Derivation Trees
Equivalence of PDA’s and Context Free Grammars
Properties of Context Free Language

8.4 Turing Machines (TM)

Standard Turing Machine and its Variations
Universal Turing Machines
Models of Computation and Church-Turing Thesis
Recursive and Recursively-Enumerable Languages
Context-Sensitive Languages
Unrestricted Grammars
Chomsky Hierarchy of Languages
Construction of TM for Simple Problems

8.5 Unsolvable Problems and Computational Complexity

Unsolvable Problem
Halting Problem
Post Correspondence Problem
Unsolvable Problems for Context-Free Languages
Measuring and Classifying Complexity
Tractable and Intractable Problems

8.6 Syntax Analysis

Associativity
Precedence
Grammar Transformations
Top Down Parsing
Recursive Descent Predictive Parsing, LL(1) Parsing
Bottom up Parsing
LR Parser
LALR(1) Parser

8.7 Semantic Analysis

Syntax Directed Definitions
Attribute Grammar
Inherited and Synthesized Attributes
Dependency Graph
Evaluation Order
S-attributed and L-attributed Definitions;
Type-Checking

8.8 Run Time System

Storage Organization
Activation Tree
Activation Record
Stack Allocation of Activation Records
Parameter Passing Mechanisms
Symbol Table

8.9 Intermediate Code Generation

Intermediate Representations
Translation of Declarations, Assignments, Control Flow, Boolean Expressions and Procedure Calls

8.10 Code Generation and Code Optimization

Control-flow
Data-flow Analysis
Local Optimization, Global Optimization, Loop Optimization, Peep-Hole Optimization
Instruction Scheduling

Unit-9 : Data Communication and Computer Networks

9.1 Data Communication

Components of a Data Communication System
Simplex, Half-Duplex and Duplex Modes of Communication
Analog and Digital Signals
Noiseless and Noisy Channels
Bandwidth, Throughput and Latency
Digital and Analog Transmission
Data Encoding and Modulation Techniques
Broadband and Baseband Transmission
Multiplexing
Transmission Media
Transmission Errors, Error Handling Mechanisms

9.2 Computer Networks

Network Topologies
Local Area Networks, Metropolitan Area Networks, Wide Area Network, Wireless Networks, Internet

9.3 Network Models

Layered Architecture
OSI Reference Model and its Protocols
TCP/IP Protocol Suite, Physical, Logical, Port and Specific Addresses Switching Techniques

9.4 Functions of OSI and TCP/IP Layers

Framing, Error Detection and Correction
Flow and Error Control
Sliding Window Protocol
HDLC, Multiple Access – CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, Reservation, Polling, Token Passing, FDMA, CDMA, TDMA
Network Devices, Backbone Networks, Virtual LANs
IPv4 Structure and Address Space
Classful and Classless Addressing
Datagram, Fragmentation and Checksum
IPv6 Packet Format
Mapping Logical to Physical Address (ARP)
Direct and Indirect Network Layer Delivery
Routing Algorithms, TCP, UDP and SCTP Protocols
Flow Control, Error Control and Congestion Control in TCP and SCTP

9.5 World Wide Web (WWW)

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Domain Name Service (DNS)
Resolution – Mapping Names to Addresses and Addresses to Names
Electronic Mail Architecture
SMTP, POP and IMAP
TELNET and FTP

9.6 Network Security

Malwares
Cryptography and Steganography
Secret-Key Algorithms
Public-Key Algorithms
Digital Signature
Virtual Private Networks
Firewalls

9.7 Mobile Technology

GSM and CDMA
Services and Architecture of GSM and Mobile Computing
Middleware and Gateway for Mobile Computing
Mobile IP and Mobile Communication Protocol
Communication Satellites, Wireless Networks and Topologies
Cellular Topology
Mobile Adhoc Networks
Wireless Transmission and Wireless LANs
Wireless Geolocation Systems
GPRS and SMS

9.8 Cloud Computing and IoT

SaaS, PaaS, IaaS,
Public and Private Cloud
Virtualization
Virtual Server
Cloud Storage
Database Storage
Resource Management
Service Level Agreement
Basics of IoT

Unit-10 : Artificial Intelligence (AI)

10.1 Approaches to AI

Turing Test and Rational Agent Approaches
State Space Representation of Problems
Heuristic Search Techniques
Game Playing
Min-Max Search
Alpha Beta Cutoff Procedures

10.2 Knowledge Representation

Logic
Semantic Networks
Frames
Rules, Scripts
Conceptual Dependency and Ontologies
Expert Systems
Handling Uncertainty in Knowledge

10.3 Planning

Components of a Planning System
Linear and Non Linear Planning
Goal Stack Planning
Hierarchical Planning
STRIPS
Partial Order Planning

10.4 Natural Language Processing

Grammar and Language
Parsing Techniques
Semantic Analysis and Prgamatics

10.5 Multi Agent Systems

Agents and Objects
Agents and Expert Systems
Generic Structure of Multiagent System
Semantic Web
Agent Communication
Knowledge Sharing using Ontologies
Agent Development Tools

10.6 Fuzzy Sets

Notion of Fuzziness
Membership Functions
Fuzzification and Defuzzification
Operations on Fuzzy Sets
Fuzzy Functions and Linguistic Variables
Fuzzy Relations
Fuzzy Rules and Fuzzy Inference
Fuzzy Control System and Fuzzy Rule Based Systems

10.7 Genetic Algorithms (GA)

Encoding Strategies
Genetic Operators
Fitness Functions and GA Cycle
Problem Solving using GA

10.8 Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)

Supervised, Unsupervised and Reinforcement Learning
Single Perceptron, Multi Layer Perceptron
Self Organizing Maps
Hopfield Network

CBSE (UGC) NET Question Papers

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1.2 Sets and Relations

1.4 Group Theory

1.6 Boolean Algebra

1.7 Optimization

2.1 Digital Logic Circuits and Components

2.2 Data Representation

2.3 Register Transfer and Microoperations

2.4 Basic Computer Organization and Design

2.5 Programming the Basic Computer

2.6 Microprogrammed Control

2.7 Central Processing Unit

2.8 Pipeline and Vector Processing

2.9 Input-Output Organization

2.10 Memory Hierarchy

2.11 Multiprocessors

3.1 Language Design and Translation Issues

3.2 Elementary Data Types

3.4 Object Oriented Programming

3.5 Programming in C++

3.6 Web Programming

3.7 Computer Graphics

3.8 2-D Geometrical Transforms and Viewing

3.9 3-D Object Representation, Geometric Transformations and Viewing

4.1 Database System Concepts and Architecture

4.2 Data Modeling

4.3 SQL

4.4 Normalization for Relational Databases

4.5 Enhanced Data Models

4.6 Data Warehousing and Data Mining

4.7 Big Data Systems

4.8 NOSQL

5.1 System Software

5.2 Basics of Operating Systems

5.3 Process Management

5.4 Threads

5.5 CPU Scheduling

5.6 Deadlocks

5.7 Memory Management

5.8 Storage Management

5.9 File and Input/Output Systems

5.10 Security

5.11 Virtual Machines

5.12 Linux Operating Systems

5.13 Windows Operating Systems

5.14 Distributed Systems

Unit-6 : Software Engineering

6.1 Software Process Models

6.2 Software Requirement

6.3 Software Design

6.4 Software Quality

6.5 Estimation and Scheduling of Software Projects

6.6 Software Testing

6.7 Software Configuration Management

Unit-7 : Data Structures and Algorithms

7.2 Performance Analysis of Algorithms and Recurrences

7.3 Design Techniques

7.4 Lower Bound Theory

7.5 Graph Algorithms

7.6 Complexity Theory

7.7 Selected Topics

7.8 Advanced Algorithms

Unit-8 : Theory of Computation and Compilers

8.1 Theory of Computation

8.2 Regular Language Models

8.3 Context Free Language

8.4 Turing Machines (TM)

8.5 Unsolvable Problems and Computational Complexity

8.6 Syntax Analysis

8.7 Semantic Analysis

8.8 Run Time System

8.9 Intermediate Code Generation

8.10 Code Generation and Code Optimization

9.1 Data Communication

9.2 Computer Networks

9.3 Network Models

9.4 Functions of OSI and TCP/IP Layers

9.5 World Wide Web (WWW)

9.6 Network Security

9.7 Mobile Technology